Дефицит перинейрональных олигодендроцитов сателлитов в слое 3 префронтальной коры при шизофрении

Обоснование: дефицит внутрикорковой миелинизации при шизофрении наиболее выражен в префронтальной коре и тесно связан с нарушением процессинга информации в мозге. Ранее мы показали снижение численной плотности (Nv) миелинизирующих олигодендроцитов (Ол) и кластеров олигодендроцитов (ОлК), образуемых их предшественниками, в 3-м и 5-м слоях поля 10 при шизофрении. Однако роль перинейрональных олигодендроцитов сателлитов (Сат-Ол) в патологии мозга человека на сегодня мало исследована.
Цель исследования: оценить число Сат-Ол на пирамидный нейрон в слое 3 поля 10 префронтальной коры при шизофрении по сравнению с контролем и исследовать корреляционные связи между числом Сат-Ол на нейрон и Nv Ол, а также Nv ОлК в норме и при шизофрении.
Материал и методы: изучены образцы мозга префронтальной коры из коллекции лаборатории клинической нейроморфологии НЦПЗ РАМН. Определяли число Сат-Ол на нейрон в подслоях 3а, 3в и 3с слоя 3 в поле 10 префронтальной коры в контроле (20 случаев) и при шизофрении (20 случаев) на тех же срезах, которые ранее использовались для определения Nv Ол и Nv ОлК.
Результаты и заключение: число Сат-Ол на пирамидный нейрон достоверно снижено во всех подслоях слоя 3 при шизофрении по сравнению с контролем (на 17 и 24% соответственно, р < 0,01). Не выявлено достоверных корреляций между числом Сат-Ол на нейрон и Nv Ол или Nv ОлК. Сравнение данных с результатами ранее проведенного аналогичного исследования в полях 39 и 40 нижней теменной коры свидетельствует о том, что изменения числа Сат-Ол на нейрон и их корреляционных связей в различных областях коры могут быть связаны с особенностями функционирования соответствующих нейронных сетей в норме и при шизофрении.

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